which state was most affected by west nile virus infections in 2012?

• which state was most affected by west nile virus infections in 2012?
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Accessed January 2016. There is no specific antiviral medicine for the infection, Schaffner says. It can increase the risk of infectious diseases, heart-related conditions, pollution, and…, Air pollution surrounds people every day, both indoors and outdoors. William Reisen, PhD, director, Center for Vectorborne Diseases, University of California, Davis. West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that belongs to the Japanese encephalitis virus sero-complex. Higher temperatures, she explains, can foster the population growth of disease-carrying mosquitoes, as well as “decrease the interval between blood meals, [and] shorten the [virus’s] incubation time.”. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2015. pipiens/restuans, 146 of Cx. At an individual level, people could “significantly reduce [their] exposure risk by taking simple measures, such as eliminating small breeding sites and using mosquito traps and mosquito nets,” she told us. When possible, cover up with long-sleeved shirts and pants to limit the amount of skin that's exposed. “One of the clearest problems for health [that is] related to climate change is that climate change is making it too hot for plants to be grown where they usually grow, causing more heavy downpours and more droughts,” he noted. Melting glaciers have contributed to the steady rise of the global sea level over the past quarter of a century. www.cdc.gov/westnile/statsmaps/index.html. We have not had a lot of pregnant women being infected.". Since mosquitoes lay eggs in standing water, the CDC also advised people to empty and scrub any items that hold water, such as planters, flowerpot saucers and trash containers. Hayden, R.J. Eisen, M.J. Delorey, N.P. Until the early 1990s, outbreaks of West Nile virus remained consigned to Africa and parts of Asia and Europe — mostly in the Mediterranean basin. Widespread West Nile Virus Activity, Eastern United States, 2000. In August and September 1999, an epidemic of encephalitis and aseptic meningitis caused by West Nile (WN) virus occurred in New York City (1-3). In 1999, the U.S. West Nile (WN) virus epidemic was preceded by widespread reports of avian deaths. The climatologist also labels temperature, level of precipitation and humidity, as well as wind, as some of the key elements affecting the spread of West Nile virus. Given this situation, there is a need for better monitoring of public health events and better education regarding infectious diseases, such as the West Nile virus. 6 Hahn, M.B., A.J. In 2015, Prof. Shlomit Paz — a climatologist and climate change specialist and head of the Department of Geography and Environmental Studies at the University of Haifa in Israel — conducted a review of the existing literature linking climate change to changes in spread patterns of the West Nile virus. Remove standing water from around your house, including in gutters, kiddie pools, and potted plant saucers. 2016. U.S. counties reporting West Nile virus-infected pools of mosquitoes, 2000. Widespread West Nile Virus Activity, Eastern United States, 2000. Widespread West Nile Virus Activity, Eastern United States, 2000. Culex mosquitoes contract this virus when they ingest the blood of infected birds and can transmit it to humans by biting them. They write that: “The rapid geographical expansion of [West Nile virus] between 2001–2002 is consistent with a large increase in virus genetic diversity (i.e., a ‘polytomy,’ as a result of many new transmission chains being introduced) and a significant jump in human cases (66 human cases in 2001 to 4,156 in 2002).”. Garofalo, M. Hahn, M. Hayden, A.J. Nasci, and M. Fischer. Printer-friendly PDF of all text and figures. Median age of all case-patients was 54 years (range 1 month–100 years). triseriatus, and 8 of Oc. However, 8 (21%) of the 38 counties with positive mosquito pools reported at least one ill person. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. – Kara Hoover, Ph.D. and Christopher Barker, Ph.D. One example is a condition called acute flaccid paralysis. All rights reserved. The exact insecticides used depend on the region, says William Reisen, PhD, director of the Center for Vectorborne Diseases at the University of California, Davis. It could well be something else, such as a urinary tract infection, he says. “Generally,” Prof. Paz points out, “during the past 50 years, the average temperature across the [U.S.] has risen, while precipitation has increased by an average of about 5%.”. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and progression of disease over time among patients enrolled in the Houston West Nile virus cohort. In 2000, ArboNET, a cooperative WN virus surveillance system, was implemented to monitor the sentinel epizootic that precedes human infection. "So far this year, we are only aware of one [infected] infant that has been reported," she says. Almost half of the cases were reported from the northeastern quadrant of the state, including the Dallas/Fort Worth metroplex (902 [48%] cases): Dallas (396 [21%]), Tarrant (259 [14%]), Collin (64 [3%]), and Denton (183 [10%]) counties. The vehicles dropping it account for the wind and other factors, he says. Prof. Paz writes in her review, “Multiple factors impact the complex epidemiology of [West Nile virus] besides its transmission and distribution.” She also notes that weather conditions are some of the top determinants in this equation. Although researchers have already pinpointed many of the climatic factors that influence the spread of the West Nile virus, they generally agree that it is currently difficult to estimate how this infectious disease will affect the U.S. in the years to come.

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