Weather and Forecasting, 23, 205–218. Bushfires have killed approximately 800 people in Australia since 1851,[2] and billions of animals. [6][8] More than 35 townhouses were burned in a small town in Victoria. [13] Another factor was the introduction of gamba grass imported into Queensland as a pasture grass in 1942, and planted on a large scale from 1983. Aboriginal Australians used to use fire to clear grasslands for hunting and to clear tracks through dense vegetation,[6] and European settlers have also had to adapt to using fire to enhance agriculture and forest management since the 19th century. Sharples, J.J. Mills, G.A., McRae, R.H.D., Weber, R.O. Where settlements are located in hilly or mountainous areas, bushfires can pose a threat to both life and property.
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like. Many fires are as a result of either deliberate arson or carelessness, however these fires normally happen in readily accessible areas and are rapidly brought under control. ", "Australia bushfires: Which animals typically fare best and worst? These whirls have been known to hurl flaming logs and burning debris over considerable distances. [39], Kangaroos and wallabies can move quickly trying to escape from fires. Some of the country's flora has evolved to rely on bushfires for reproduction. Since this process began, destructive bushfires in northern Australia have burned 57% fewer acres in 2019 than they did on average in the years from 2000 to 2010, the decade before the program started.
David Bowman, professor of pyrogeography and fire science at the University of Tasmania warned that so much damage has been done that Australian forests may take more than 100 years to re-absorb the carbon that has been released so far this fire season. [76], Koalas are perhaps the most vulnerable because they are slow-moving. [73], Oliver Costello from the national Indigenous Firesticks Alliance stated that in southern Australia, Aboriginal knowledge systems of fire management are less valued than in the north. [3] They followed years of drought and a series of extreme heatwaves that were accompanied by strong northerly winds, after a very dry six months. Beekeepers have also lost hives in bushfires. [88] Medical bills from the current fires and smoke haze are expected to reach hundreds of millions of dollars with one analysis suggesting disruptions caused by the fire and smoke haze could cost Sydney as much as A$50 million a day. The Ash Wednesday bushfires swept across Victoria and South Australia on 16 February, 1983. Of the 26 people who died in South Australia, 12 were in metropolitan areas, including four in the Adelaide suburb of Greenhill. [60] The Government also refers to these as "fire danger periods".[57]. [33], A study was conducted into the 32 fatalities (excluding firefighters) that occurred in Victoria. Leading up to Ash Wednesday there were also large fires in Greenvale on 8 January and at Macedon on 1 February. The orange-tinged smoke entered homes and offices buildings across the capital making breathing outside very difficult, forcing businesses and institutions to shut their doors. The Ash Wednesday bushfires, known in South Australia as Ash Wednesday II,[3] were a series of bushfires that occurred in south-eastern Australia on 16 February 1983, which was Ash Wednesday. The fire on the coast had been so intense that firefighters were forced to abandon all control efforts and let it burn until it reached the ocean, destroying everything in its path. [104] Queensland Fire and Rescue are the professional firefighters that fight these fires across Queensland in the cities and the bush. Much of Gosford, Kariong and Somersby had been evacuated, along with Terry Hill. [106] DFES is an umbrella organisation supporting the Fire and Rescue Service (FRS), Bush Fire Service (BFS), Volunteer Fire and Rescue Service (VFRS), State Emergency Service (SES), Volunteer Fire and Emergency Service (VFES), Emergency Services Cadets and the Volunteer Marine Rescue Service (VMR). Flames across the road and road blocks prevented the family from returning to the house, until it was burnt to the ground. Temperatures around Melbourne and Adelaide quickly rose above 43 °C, with winds gusting up to 100 km/h and relative humidity plunging to as low as 6 per cent. [82] David McBride, associate professor of occupational and environmental medicine at the University of Otago stated, "They push themselves to the limit – they can suffer heat stress, which is a life-threatening injury, and end up with chronic bronchitis and asthma". In South Australia, an inquest into the fires found that the communication systems used by the Country Fire Service were inadequate and, as a result, the Government radio network was installed, although this did not happen until almost 20 years later. Loss of habitat also affects already endangered species such as the western ground parrot, the Leadbeater's possum, the Mallee emu-wren (a bird which cannot fly very far), and Gilbert's potoroo. [27][28] The Como/Jannali fire burnt 476 hectares (1,180 acres) and destroyed 101 houses – more than half of the total homes lost in New South Wales during the January emergency period. Over 100 fires started on February 16 1983, the day now known as Ash Wednesday. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology. [2] For the next quarter century, Ash Wednesday was used as the measure for all bushfire emergencies in Australia; though since 2009, that has supplemented by the lessons learned from Black Saturday. Livestock losses were very high, with more than 340,000 sheep, 18,000 cattle and numerous native animals either dead or later destroyed. "We could do nothing except watch the place burn". Down the road at Mount Lofty House, Mr and Mrs James Morgan lost $150,000 worth of furniture and artwork, which they had moved into the huge house only a fortnight before the fires, when they purchased the property. This included a whole new level – catastrophic fire danger. [94], In January 2020, during the 2019–2020 bushfire season, Prime Minister Scott Morrison raised the prospect of establishing another royal commission. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. In Victoria, 47 people died. Ash Wednesday The fires swept across Victoria and South Australia, killing 75 people and causing widespread damage The day is. This caused mass damage all around the country with fires in each state and territory.
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