Specifically, they are more likely to make incorrect inferences from evidence and to hold contradictory ideas that result from compartmentalized thinking. [17], In The Efficacy of Musical Emotions Provoked by Mozart's Music for the Reconciliation of Cognitive Dissonance (2012), a variant of the forbidden-toy paradigm, indicated that listening to music reduces the development of cognitive dissonance. [19][25], The study The Neural Basis of Rationalization: Cognitive Dissonance Reduction During Decision-making (2011) indicated that participants rated 80 names and 80 paintings based on how much they liked the names and paintings. { bidder: 'pubmatic', params: { publisherId: '158679', adSlot: 'cdo_mpuslot1' }}]}]; For example, a study was done in an elderly home in 1992 on the loneliest residents -- those that did not have family or frequent visitors. [10] In other words, consumers select attitude-consistent information and avoid attitude-challenging information. { bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971079', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, Cooper, J., & Axsom, D. (1982). userSync: { "sign-in": "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/auth/signin?rid=READER_ID", Lastly, the person may incorporate the dissonant thought into their current belief system. [12][13]:123, The early hypothesis of belief contradiction presented in When Prophecy Fails (1956) reported that faith deepened among the members of an apocalyptic religious cult, despite the failed prophecy of an alien spacecraft soon to land on Earth to rescue them from earthly corruption. The action of deciding provokes the psychological dissonance consequent to choosing X instead of Y, despite little difference between X and Y; the decision "I chose X" is dissonant with the cognition that "There are some aspects of Y that I like". googletag.pubads().set("page_url", "https://dictionary.cambridge.org/example/english/contradictory-idea"); [93] Applying a directional model of Approach motivation, the study Anger and the Behavioural Approach System (2003) indicated that the relation between cognitive dissonance and anger is supported by neural activity in the left frontal cortex that occurs when a person takes control of the social situation causing the cognitive dissonance. Add the power of Cambridge Dictionary to your website using our free search box widgets.
The researchers use EEG to analyze students before they wrote the essay, as dissonance is at its highest during this time (Beauvois and Joule, 1996). googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad(); New York: Wiley. { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195467', size: [320, 50] }}, 'min': 31, params: { { bidder: 'appnexus', params: { placementId: '11654156' }}, However, when dissonant factors are abundant and not enough in line with each other, one goes through a process to regulate and bring the ratio back to an acceptable level. The contradiction of a belief, ideal, or system of values causes cognitive dissonance that can be resolved by changing the challenged belief, yet, instead of effecting change, the resultant mental stress restores psychological consonance to the person by misperception, rejection, or refutation of the contradiction, seeking moral support from people who share the contradicted beliefs or acting to persuade other people that the contradiction is unreal. const customGranularity = {
Festinger, L., Riecken, H.W., Schachter, S. CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (. [2] In practice, people reduce the magnitude of their cognitive dissonance in four ways: Three cognitive biases are components of dissonance theory. };
[97], The hypothesis of An Action-based Model of Cognitive-dissonance Processes[98] (Harmon-Jones, Levy, 2015) proposed that psychological dissonance occurs consequent to the stimulation of thoughts that interfere with a goal-driven behavior.
bids: [{ bidder: 'rubicon', params: { accountId: '17282', siteId: '162036', zoneId: '776140', position: 'atf' }}, 'min': 3.05, If the person changes the current attitude, after the dissonance occurs, he or she then is obligated to commit to that course of behavior.
expires: 365 [40] In that vein, social psychology proposed that the mental health of the patient is positively influenced by his and her action in freely choosing a specific therapy and in exerting the required, therapeutic effort to overcome cognitive dissonance.
googletag.pubads().setTargeting("cdo_ei", "contradictory-idea"); The Marketing of Global Warming: A Repeated Measures Examination of the Effects of Cognitive Dissonance, Endorsement, and Information on Beliefs in a Social Cause. [66] Moreover, the results reported in the study I’m No Longer Torn After Choice: How Explicit Choices Implicitly Shape Preferences of Odors (2010) contradict such an explanation, by showing the occurrence of revaluation of material items, after the person chose and decided, even after having forgotten the choice. {code: 'ad_rightslot', pubstack: { adUnitName: 'cdo_rightslot', adUnitPath: '/2863368/rightslot' }, mediaTypes: { banner: { sizes: [[300, 250]] } }, For rating the paintings, the participants were asked to base their ratings on whether or not they would display such art at home. { bidder: 'triplelift', params: { inventoryCode: 'Cambridge_MidArticle' }}, Therefore, when the ideals or actions now clash, it is difficult for the individual to decide which takes priority. }, } Declaring publicly that you are an environmentalist but never remembering to take out the recycling is an example of a contradiction. },{ { bidder: 'ix', params: { siteId: '195453', size: [300, 50] }},
{ bidder: 'openx', params: { unit: '539971081', delDomain: 'idm-d.openx.net' }}, iasLog("criterion : cdo_pc = dictionary"); }], dfpSlots['houseslot_a'] = googletag.defineSlot('/2863368/houseslot', [300, 250], 'ad_houseslot_a').defineSizeMapping(mapping_houseslot_a).setTargeting('sri', '0').setTargeting('vp', 'mid').setTargeting('hp', 'right').setTargeting('ad_group', Adomik.randomAdGroup()).addService(googletag.pubads()); A "contradiction in terms" is a common phrase used to describe a statement that contains opposing ideas. }]
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