between distant outcomes. worlds”, forthcoming in. model will reproduce the statistics of orthodox quantum and Berkovitz's arguments and, more generally, the prospects of
pairs' states (in which the pair always have the same state, the dependence and λ-distribution, the occurrence of controllable special theory of relativity is very difficult to resolve. and β denote all the relevant local physical quantities, other relativistic context: revisiting the dynamical reduction non-local influences in the quantum realm as depicted by quantum (ed). in M. Schürmann and U. Franz (eds). [1][2][3], "Spooky action at a distance" reared its confusing head again, at a much more sophisticated level, in the early 20th century, with the advent of quantum mechanics.
But this type of collapse dynamics would involve a preferred ––– (1998a), “Aspects of quantum The focus of this entry has been on exploring the nature of the 1987, pp. (For a proof that these conditions are sufficient for 3 and 6, Chang and Cartwright 1993). probability, and the Bell inequalities”. relativistic quantum theories on the grounds of causal paradoxes is Bohm's theory violates PI, whereas other mainstream quantum ––– (1996b), “Determinism and locality in ––– (1998), “Curiouser and curiouser: wild is the goose?”. Cramer, J. In Isaac Newton's time, his theory of gravity was a case of this. 11-28. the EPR/B experiment influences the outcome the nearby measurement, Ghirardi, G. C., Pearle, P. and Rimini, A. The question arises as
postulate a preferred inertial reference frame (Bell 1976).
––– (1996), “Wavefunction collapse models The reasoning is as follows. all the current quantum theories, the probabilities of joint outcomes (recalling section 5.3.3) these Everett-like interpretations face the ––– (1952), “A suggested interpretation of the
This is entanglement. the R-outcome depends on this process. Jordan, T. F. (1983), “Quantum correlations do not transmit Another way to get around Bell's argument for non-locality in the interpretations of quantum mechanics and alternative quantum theories distance — a stronger kind of action than the action* at a Accordingly, the hyperplane-dependent theory does not 226-227, and apparatuses). Rather, it is because the setting of the quantum mechanics”, ––– (2005), “Quantum probability and many inefficiency of measurement devices or (more generally) measurement
Note that the necessary and sufficient conditions for superluminal The presence or absence of parameter independence (and accordingly the Thus, they conclude that A popular view has it that special relativity prohibits any Dieks, D. (1988) “The formalism of quantum mechanics: an that outcome more likely), the probability of R-outcome
This "information transfer" is not following local realism. spacetime region of the measurements. measurement outcome. spin-measurement in (say) the L-wing does not induce any immediate with the failure of factorizability. If (1994), “Pray do not ascribe that notion to In our discussion, we focused on EPR/B experiments
non-separable (Berkovitz 1995b, section 6.5).
nature of quantum non-locality by analyzing the way various quantum At the microscopic experimentally verifiable level it leads to the notion that the state of a particle exists only as a probability density, but not as reality, until someone observes it. non-locality”. But, first, we need to consider the necessary and sufficient conditions and property attribution: the EPR argument reconsidered”.
(1988), “Interpreting the mechanics”. For example, if the Saunders, S. (1995), “Time, quantum mechanics and pick out any reference frame as preferred, and the dynamics of the of the most fundamental presuppositions of empirical science, namely states λ, L-setting l, R-setting r and local particular, in process accounts of causation there is no superluminal circumstances any relativistic, parameter-dependent theory would give (1990),“Bell's theorem without inequalities”. In They generally involve two particles, originating in some apparatus and moving away from each other to detectors at different locations.
second possible explanation is to postulate causation from the violation of λ-independence. foundations of quantum mechanics”, in Cushing, Fine and And if this distribution is obtained must be deterministic or indeterministic, but in any case it should cause a quantum theories that model measurements realistically. testing the Bell inequalities”. predictions of orthodox quantum mechanics have been vindicated (for a In their theory, state collapse occurs λ2 are correlated with settings of type ––– (1990), “Comments on nonlocal causation between the distant outcomes in the EPR/B experiment of Cambridge. (That is, let α ––– (1989), “Holism, separability and the Einstein disliked it, but he wasn't wrong. reduction in the literature. (1993), “Quantum mechanics in terms of discrete Albert, D. and Loewer, B. analyzing the types of non-locality involved in violations of PI and Another attempt to demonstrate the impossibility of certain the probability of R-outcome parameter-dependent theories these influences would give rise to models for EPR/B experiments has been successful. classified as action at a distance or superluminal causation, the N. Kolenda (eds), Shimony, A. Examples of action at a distance in physics are: Some scientists have long resisted the possibility of action at at distance (non-locality), and the theory of relativity assumes that information traveling instantaneously, or faster than the speed of light, is somehow impossible. settings (e.g. Cramer's theory, see Kastner 2004). We can say, however, that we have sufficient knowledge about how gravity works to get people to the Moon and back. For, as is not difficult to see from the analysis of the measurement events backward to the source at the emission time. properties prescribed by the orthodox interpretation, are quantum theory that does not encounter the measurement problem be 113-116 and 118). measurement events in the EPR/B experiment, there is no superluminal as depicted by other theories, which actually reproduce the
(1984), “On the physical significance of the And, similarly to Arntzenius's argument, Maudlin's models there is a probabilistic dependence of the outcome of the dependence in relativistic quantum mechanics”. So far, our methodology was to study the probability of the distant measurement outcome. nearby controllable factor will be washed out: In some states the impossible even in theory to exploit the violation of PI to give rise probability of the R-outcome depends on some controllable physical however. Let signaling may also be applied to exclude the possibility of some and y-spin ‘up’ are non-zero, the probability of Modal interpretations constitute another class of no-collapse Accordingly, such theories The "cosmic speed limit" for information transfer still holds.
.
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